STJUE (Sala 3ª) de 9 de octubre de 2014. Asunto C-376/14 PPU. C/M. (C). Reference for a preliminary ruling. Urgent preliminary ruling procedure. Judicial cooperation in civil matters. Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility. Regulation (EC) núm. 2201/2003. Wrongful retention. Habitual residence of the child. 
Petición de decisión prejudicial. Procedimiento prejudicial de urgencia. Cooperación judicial en materia civil. Competencia judicial, reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia matrimonial y de responsabilidad parental. Reglamento (CE) 2201/2003. Retención indebida. Residencia habitual del niño. 

El Tribunal de Justicia (Sala Tercera) declara:

• "1. Articles 2 (11) and 11 of Council Regulation (EC) núm. 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) núm. 1347/2000, must be interpreted as meaning that where the removal of a child has taken place in accordance with a judgment which was provisionally enforceable and which was thereafter overturned by a judgment which fixed the residence of the child at the home of the parent living in the Member State of origin, the court of the Member State to which the child was removed, seised of an application for the return of the child, must determine, by undertaking an assessment of all the circumstances of fact specific to the individual case, whether the child was still habitually resident in the Member State of origin immediately before the alleged wrongful retention. As part of that assessment, it is important that account be taken of the fact that the judgment authorising the removal could be provisionally enforced and that an appeal had been brought against it.
• 2. Regulation núm. 2201/2003 must be interpreted as meaning that, in circumstances where the removal of a child has taken place in accordance with a court judgment which was provisionally enforceable and which was thereafter overturned by a court judgment fixing the child’s residence at the home of the parent living in the Member State of origin, the failure to return the child to that Member State following the latter judgment is wrongful and Article 11 of the Regulation is applicable if it is held that the child was still habitually resident in that Member State immediately before the retention. If it is held, conversely, that the child was at that time no longer habitually resident in the Member State of origin, a decision dismissing the application for return based on that provision is without prejudice to the application of the rules established in Chapter III of the Regulation relating to the recognition and enforcement of judgments given in a Member State". 

• Datos previos. Petición de decisión prejudicial planteada por la Supreme Court (Irlanda) el 7 de agosto de 2014. C / M. Asunto C-376/14. ¿Impide la existencia del procedimiento judicial francés relativo a la custodia de la menor, en las circunstancias de este asunto, que la residencia habitual de ésta se establezca en Irlanda? ¿Conservan, ya sea el padre o bien los órganos jurisdiccionales franceses, el derecho de custodia de la menor, de modo que sea ilícita la retención de ésta en Irlanda? ¿Están facultados los órganos jurisdiccionales irlandeses para apreciar la cuestión de la residencia habitual de la menor, cuando ésta ha residido en Irlanda desde julio de 2012, en cuyo momento su traslado a Irlanda no infringió el Derecho francés?
• Sentencia.

Procedimiento:

• Petición.
• Sentencia.

Procedimiento: